Periodontal Disease
Definition : The term periodontal disease usually refers only to plaque related inflammatory disease of the dental supporting tissues. A wide variety of diseases of the oral mucosa can also affect the gingiva occasionally.
| Types
: • Gingivitis and periodontitis • Chronic gingivitis • Chronic adult periodontitis |
 |
Definition: Persistence of infection at the gingival margins leads to progressive inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues. Loss of attachment leads to pocketing which allows a probe to be passed down between teeth and gingiva.
Gingivitis
:
Definition: Gingivitis refers to inflammation of the gingiva. The initial
change seen in gingivitis is confined to the marginal gingiva and the
interdental papilla.
Aetiology
:
Local factor :
• Improper oral hygiene methods.
• Local irritants such as plaque and calculus.
• Malposed teeth which prevent normal cleansing action of toothbrush.
• Overhanging margins of restorations.
• Diminished functional stimulation due to open bite.
• Food impaction due to missing teeth and improper contact.
| Systemic factors | |
1. |
Hormonal changes associated with puberty, pregnancy and menopause. |
2. |
Vitamin C deficiency |
3. |
Oral infections with systemic component. |
4. |
Bleeding disorders due to decomposition of blood in gingival crevice. |
5. |
Leukemia |
Treatment
Treatment involves correction of local contributing factors such as improper
restorations etc. treatment of underlying systemic problems, removal of
local irritants and initiations and maintenance of oral hygiene