Diabetes Mellitus & Dental Consideration

 Diabetes mellitus is caused by insulin deficiency. It leads to hyperglycemia excessive excretion of glucose in the urine (glucosuria) Excessive urination (polyuria) is caused by a lack of urine conc. and leads to thirst (polydipsia). As carbohydrates are not available to the body, fats are metabolized. Thus there is production and accumulation of ketone bodies.

Oral manifestations :
* Increased incidence of gingivitis and periodontitis.
* Multiple periodontal abscesses resulting in loosening of   teeth.
* Unsatisfactory result of periodontal treatment including   periodontal surgery.
* Lowered tissue resistance, delayed wound healing and   post extraction infection of the socket.
* Acetone break due to excretion of ketone bodies   through long.
* Presence of opportunistic infection such as oral   candidiasis.
* Xerostomia or dryness of mouth.
* Sialosis or non-inflammatory non-neoplastic   enlargement of the salivary gland which usually   manifested as bilateral enlargement of parotid gland.
* Burning sensation of the oral mucosa due to   neuropathy.